Spearfishing

Spearguns vs. pole spears
A speargun uses one or more rubber slings or a pneumatic mechanism to propel a spear with significantly more power and range than a pole spear. Band-powered spearguns are the most common for recreational spearfishing — they are reliable, simple to maintain, and available in lengths from compact 50cm models suited to enclosed reef environments up to 110cm or longer for open-water shooting at range. A pole spear is a simpler, less expensive option — a single rod with a tip that you power entirely by hand. It requires getting closer to the target but has no mechanism to maintain and is a good starting point for new spearfishers.

Spear tips — choosing the right point
The tip you use affects how securely the fish is held after the shot. A single flopper tip uses a hinged barb that opens once the spear passes through the fish, preventing it from sliding back off. A multi-pronged paralyzer tip (trident) spreads the impact across multiple prongs — better for smaller, faster fish where precise aim is difficult. A slip tip detaches from the spear shaft after penetration and remains in the fish on a short cable — used for larger fish where a fixed tip might allow the fish to tear free. Matching the tip to the target species and conditions is part of developing spearfishing technique.

Spearfishing requires freediving skills
Spearfishing in Canada is done on breath-hold — scuba spearfishing is illegal in most Canadian provinces. Effective spearfishing requires the ability to dive to depth quietly, wait motionless, and make an accurate shot before ascending. Freediving fins, a rubber weight belt that adjusts to wetsuit compression at depth, and a low-volume mask that is easy to equalize are the standard equipment for spearfishing. If you are new to freediving and spearfishing, taking a freediving course before purchasing equipment is strongly recommended — proper technique and safety awareness make the activity both more effective and significantly safer.

Cutting devices — safety and fish handling
A sharp, accessible cutting tool is essential for spearfishing — for dispatching fish quickly and humanely, for cutting monofilament or line if entangled, and for dealing with fish that are hooked on structure or kelp. A dive knife mounted on the leg or BCD in a secure sheath is the standard. The Sea Snip shears and TDO Line Cutting Device are compact alternatives that handle line and monofilament quickly with one hand. Whatever cutting tool you choose, make sure it is immediately accessible without having to reach around or behind your body.